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When the legend becomes fact, print the legend. After his first wife died, leaving him in humble circumstances with three children, he "married up" to a well-to-do widow, Elizabeth Patton, who also had a 200-acre farm. "The swift December dusk had come tumbling clownishly after its dull day, and. Some also claim he served as a Deputy U.S. "Seven or eight years ago his name was prominent in the border press, and if we could believe the half of what was written concerning his daring deeds, he must certainly have been one of the bravest and most scrupulous characters of those lawless times," the newspaper said. As the argument heated up, Courtright and Short took it outside. Fictitious is a publication featuring short story fiction (and a few non-fiction articles) by published authors. But there are problems with this assumption, too., Getting past the murkiest parts of Jim Courtright's life brings us to the verified tales from Fort Worth. "This is the West, sir. Cathay Williams's true story was not uncovered until 1868. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend. Which brings us to Jason Witten's retirement. Holmes, the depraved supervillain celebrated as the Devil in the White City. The irony is that the John Edwards legend and all of its props were created by artful manipulation of the media. The modern version of this adage might be when weve made up the legend dont bother with the facts. Mickey Kaus writes in a move that has apparently stirred up some internal discontent, the Los Angeles Times has banned its bloggers , including political bloggers, from mentioning the Edwards story. Eudora Welty wrote about him, as did Carl Sandburg, and he also appears in Orson Scott Card's "The Tales of Alvin Maker.". The real Calamity Jane was trouble, a drunk, an illiterate, and a teller of tall tales who caused mayhem wherever she went and that's the real origin of her name. After the Civil War ended, Jim Courtright supposedly stayed in the U.S. Army, serving as a scout alongside Wild Bill Hickok. He preferred to be called David Crockett, not Davy, and only headed for Texas and his appointment with destiny after failing as a politician. Link Appleyard: What he said is right. DeArment quotes one of Courtright's first biographers, Father Stanley Crocchiola, writing, "The frontier has yet to produce a man as fast on the draw as Jim Courtright [He] was as fast as the twinkle of an eye when it came to drawing his six-shooters." "Contact with the man, however, dispelled all these illusions, and of late, Wild Bill seems to have been a very tame and worthless loafer. When the Legend Becomes Fact, Print the Legend. This famous quote comes from the classic western film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Maybe Jim Courtright had trouble winning reelection in his fourth bid for city marshal of Fort Worth, but few doubted his local popularity, per the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). Professor. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-adverbial-clause-1689190. Marshal as his tombstone epitaph suggests (via Waymarking). She was illiterate, so the "Cathay" became "Cathey" on the form, and that's the name she served under. Read the following quotes and excerpts for more examples of adverbial clauses. A whopping 14.7 million viewers tuned in for the season four opener, according to Business Insider. No. Chris Kyle was known as The Legend among many troops in Iraq. He survived four IED explosions and being shot twice in addition to being an ex John Ford was probably one of the best directors out there. Nordquist, Richard. I ain't got none of it. But there are always exceptions. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend. They are traditionally classified according to their meaningfor example, adverbial clauses of reason, time, concession, manner or condition, as illustrated below.a. Jim Motavalli is a journalist, author, speaker, and radio host who specializes in environmental issues. John Ford was probably one of the best directors out there. And that M Spirit Untamed: Animated Western. "Printed stories as well as oral traditions contributed to Fink's fame," Half Horse Half Alligator notes. His life, what we know of it, is perfect for embroidery, embracing as it does the Revolutionary War, the glory days of the Mississippi River, and a career-ending stint as a scout among the trappers and mountain men of the Rockies. The good guys become indistinguishable from the bad guys, and we end up denigrating the very heroes who defend us. Short shot first, disabling Courtright's right hand by tearing off his thumb. In other instances, authors may well have invented stories on their own or may have adapted to Fink printed or oral tales originally told about others.". "This is the West, sir. David Blackmon is a Texas-based public policy analyst/consultant. He would arrest a circular saw if necessary" (via Robert DeArment's "Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend."). When the Legend becomes Fact, Print the Legend Ron Lewis The title of his article comes from the film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Im suppose to explain what this quotes means while Quotes.net. Why should this be? Not only had the town turned out armed to save him from the Texas Rangers, but his funeral procession took up six blocks, the "largest the city had seen.". There are strong parallels between Hugh Glass/"The Revenant" and John "Liver-Eating" Johnston/Jeremiah Johnson. Unlike adverbs, adverbial clauses modify whole clauses rather than just a verb. Roger writes: Some cheap psychoanalysis. Early biographers like Father Stanley Crocchiola claimed the duo performed with Buffalo Bill out west in the early 1870s, per Richard F. Selcer's history "Hell's Half Acre: The Life and Legend of a Red-Light District." One consisted of the legend whose image was carefully burnished in the press and the other was John Edwards the man, no better and no worse than most of us. You should consult with an attorney licensed to practice in your jurisdiction before relying upon any of the information presented here. Among those who should be scratching their heads at this moment are his supporters. Run this scum out of town. The westerns - The Searchers, She Wore A Yellow Ribbon, Wagon Master are unsurpassed but also the non-westerns like The Quiet Man and How Read full review, Author of an acclaimed biography of Ernst Lubitsch (1991) and a well-regarded history of the coming of the talkies (The Speed of Sound, 1996), Eyman takes on an even bigger piece of film history: the Read full review, Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features, Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified, Scott Eyman was formerly the literary critic at. Hallie: One steak for Mr. Peaboy, with fixins'. Some may have even been checking into the Beverly Hilton at the same time as John Edwards. He allegedly taught her to be a sharpshooter, and the couple toured with Buffalo Bill's "Wild West" show with Wild Bill Hickok (via Shooting Times). The title of his article comes from the film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Marshal Jim Courtright's luck couldn't hold out forever, though. There is a traditional phrase, a legend in his own time. This means that a person has become legendary while still living. For example, Hercule Taming the city sometimes involved jailing as many as 30 people a night, per the TSHA. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend," (Young, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance). Her career was not remarkable until she was discharged, the army singled her out neither for praise or condemnation. The news wasnt that two people were having an affair at the Beverly Hilton; the real headline was that a carefully contrived myth was in danger of being exploded. Did You Ever Wonder How and Why the Left Is Able to Push Their Narratives Almost Unhindered? The Buffalo Bill Museum and Grave in Golden, Colorado, has compiled a booklet of where the fabled performer toured. "When the legend becomes fact, print the legend." Why, sure. Courtright had a reputation for an unmatched draw and deadly accuracy, but he may have underestimated Short. According to The West: In later years Hickok suffered from glaucoma and lived on his fame as a gunfighter, posing for tourists, gambling, getting drunk and arrested for vagrancy. ", Daniel Boone's many real-life adventures inspired James Fenimore Cooper, and even Lord Byron wrote about "The Colonel Boon, back-woodsman of Kentucky." Chester Harding painted this portrait of Daniel Boone in 1820. It isn't even clear that he ever wore his signature coonskin cap. (Photo: William Jennings/U.S. The westerns - The Searchers, She Wore A Yellow Ribbon, Wagon Master are unsurpassed but also the non-westerns like The Quiet Man and How PRINT THE LEGEND: The Life and Times of John Ford. According to the 1956 "Half Horse Half Alligator: The Growth of the Mike Fink Legend," tall tales tend to cluster around certain figures, and their number includes half the characters that are the subject of this bookand especially Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone and Mike Fink. He pumped lead into Courtright's body, dropping the former marshal to the ground. The legend was abetted by the lawman's appearances in Buffalo Bill's 1873 melodrama "The Scouts of the Plains." It takes the idea at the end of genre master John Fords The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (This is the West, sir. There is a need to demote the collection of media myths to the less exalted status of currently accepted hypothesis. By far, the best line from the new series goes to Thornton as Courtright, who proclaims, "There's only one killer in Fort Worth, and that's me" (via Paramount Plus). Author of an acclaimed biography of Ernst Lubitsch (1991) and a well-regarded history of the coming of the talkies (The Speed of Sound, 1996), Eyman takes on an even bigger piece of film history: the Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford, Biography & Autobiography / Entertainment & Performing Arts, Performing Arts / Film / Direction & Production. New Yorkbased Beadle & Company published its first short book, "Malaeska: The Indian Wife of the White Hunter," in 1860, and its "Seth Jones" or "The Captives of the Frontier" (written by a 20-year-old schoolteacher who lived most of his life in New Jersey) sold 500,000 copies. All Rights Reserved. (Interestingly, this story bears a striking resemblance to the well-documented account of Captain Jack Crawford, accidentally shot in Virginia City during a performance with Buffalo Bill in June 1877, per Center of the West.) One legend had to be replaced with another, the facts as unimportant in the latter as they were in the former. Jim Miller explains this in more detail in the excerpt from An Introduction to English Syntax below. Thats not a bat, actually. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, screenplay by James Warner Bellah and Willis Goldbeck The Real Dirt on America's Frontier Legends. When a legend does, it is highly possible that the legend itself would be forgotten. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend. 28 Feb 2023 01:07:52 Certain parts of this website require Javascript to work. Dime novels made a star out of Edward Z.C. As reported by Country Living, Paramount+ has also announced "6666" is in the works, and it will feature the historic "6666" Ranch where one of "Yellowstone's" most beloved characters, Jimmy Hurdstrom, recently took up residence. In 1878, the secretive Texas Detective Bureau announced its opening, per DeArment. This is also known as anadverbial clause. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend" (via Movie Clips). John Ford, a director whose name is synonymous with "Westerns." Courtright reflexively attempted the "border shift" to get his firearm into his left hand, but Short outplayed him once more. This developmentdidn't ultimately deter him from the law enforcement/racketeering industry, though. WebIn The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, John Ford told the world when the legend becomes fact, print the legend.John Milius might have taken that to heart. Tom Doniphon: You aimin' to help me find some? Web. One of my favorites, such an incredible cast. In his review of ''Print the Legend'' (Jan. 9), Richard Schickel misquotes both the author, Scott Eyman, and his subject, John Ford, when he asserts that the source of If there were other aspects to his personality, moods and subtleties that weren't reflected on the screen, then no one really needed to know.Indeed, what mattered to Ford was always what was up there on the screen. This line comes from director John Ford's film, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, but it also serves as an epigram for the Peter Ericson: And a deep dish apple pie. Tom Doniphon: You can blame your lawyer friend. Ford preferred instead to let his films speak for him, and the message was always masculine, determined, romantic, yes, but never soft -- and always, always totally "American." Please enable Javascript and reload the page. He was shot in the back of the head during a card game in Deadwood, South Dakota, in 1876, holding what became the "dead man's hand" aces and eights. Focus on the impact the above words had on the recording of US History, particularly the late 1800s through the early 1900s. Adverbial clauses are easy to spot when you're looking for them. By then, Courtright faced murder charges in New Mexico, per the TSHA. Also profiled at length in "The Real Dirt" is African-American trapper and guide Jim Beckwourth, bear lover John "Grizzly" Adams, Kit Carson, Native American guide Black Beaver, Lewis and Clark, and Joseph Knowles, the "Nature Man" who is the subject of my earlier book, "Naked in the Woods.". As the Fort Worth Daily Democrat put it on March 30, 1879, "No braver man than Jim Courtright exists. Kaintuck: Well, that's n-n-none of our b-b-b-business, Mr. Stoddard. Grossetete and Elsinger both had legitimate land claims, and their deaths "made the American Valley infamous." Yet as bold as the stamp of his personality was on each film, there was at the same time a marked reticence when it came to revealing anything personal. There, Courtright and his wife allegedly had a falling out with the Western legend after an accidental shooting left Courtright in the hospital. Nora Ericson: Someday he order something different and we all faint dead away. It means that when a legend is commonly known as fact then it is too late to correct the misconception and all one can do is to repeat the legend, Maxwell Scott: This is the west, sir. Link Appleyard: As long as he behaves himself in this town I ain't got no, ah Link Appleyard: What he said is right. Crockett may have been a crack shot and the terror of the raccoon and ursine population, but he always struggled to be a provider. It means that when the story of what happened is a better tale than what actually happened, then publish the tale. Of course there will always be p What we can say is that Jane had an uncanny ability to be where western history was being made. But historical records show Buffalo Bill remained on the East Coast until the late 1870s. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend. Nevada has many legends. Another more recent example has been the public coverage of the Surge, condemned as doomed until it became convenient to advocate a precipitate withdrawal in the face of success; now the success of the Surge itself makes an arbitrary withdrawal viable because we cannot lose the war. So, it's only fitting that we begin with the parts of his life that look the most like fiction. Remarkably, he ran unopposed without even putting his name on the ballot and won. He also hypothesizes that Logan's partners in the venture, John P. Casey and W.C. Moore, "had larger and darker plans for the imported gunmen than simply putting heat on cattle thieves.". Instead of this he was one of the most mild and unboastful of men; feminine as a woman in his tastes and his deportment, never uttering a coarse word, never allowing himself in a rude action. So, it's only fitting that we begin with the parts of his life that look the most like fiction. Why you'll be reading in no time. . And soon. We think we know a lot about frontier legends Lewis and Clark, Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone, Jim Bridger, Hugh Glass (of "The Revenant" fame), Jeremiah Johnson (whose actual name was John "Liver-Eating" Johnston) and William "Buffalo Bill" Cody, but in fact much of what we think we know is a mishmash from sensationalized newspapers, dime novels and old penny dreadfuls usually written by ghostwriters who never left their city offices Wild West shows, highly speculative third-hand accounts and Disney movies from the coonskin cap days. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend" (via Movie Clips). Ransom Stoddard: I'm waiting on Liberty Valance. Jason Tully: Nothing's too good for the man who shot Liberty Valance. ), DeArment argues that the $10 a day the men supposedly received had to come from local ranchers rather than Logan and the other investors in the property. The first thing you have to accept about the legendary Mississippi river boatman Mike Fink, a crack shot who was "half horse and half alligator," is that he may never have existed, at least not in the form in which he's come down to us. Courtright made his way back to Fort Worth, per the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). . So goes the song from the Disney TV show that every boy knew in the 1950s. But determining a chronology for when Courtright and his wife performed with Buffalo Bill has proven tricky. This line comes from director John Ford's film, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, but it also serves as an epigram for the life of the legendary filmmaker.Through a career that spanned decades and included work on dozens of films -- among them such American masterpieces as The Searchers, The Grapes of Wrath, The Quiet Man, Stagecoach, and How Green Was My Valley -- John Ford managed to leave as his legacy a body of work that few filmmakers will ever equal. But his version is more like when the legend becomes fact, add more guns. In this, his directorial debut, Milius tells the story of bank robber John Dillinger, G-Man Melvin Purvis, and the many Despite the show of support, Courtright got apprehended but later made a run for it. Tom Doniphon: Marshal! Nordquist, Richard. Although the bear attack in the movie is fairly faithful to what happened to Glass in real life, the subplot involving Glass's Indian family (and semi-mystical encounters) is wholly grafted on. "The Revenant" is a recent film dramatization of the life of frontier trapper Hugh Glass, starring Leonardo DiCaprio. Liberty Valance: You lookin' for trouble, Doniphan? It seems pretty self-evident. Crises eventually pass. As Arthur Lee of the group Love once sang back in the 60s The news today will be the movies During his tenure, he boasted a 50% reduction in the murder rate,Newsweekreports. Ransom Stoddard: Marshall, I was wrong the other night. Meaning that no one would remember it. An advertisement dated October 6, 1878, in Fort Worth's Democrat listed the organization's mission as "discover[ing] swindlers and criminals and bring[ing] them to justice, wherever they may be concealed." The real "Jeremiah Johnson," whose name at birth may have been John Garrison (later changed to John Johnston), was a far less audience-friendly character who went by the nickname "Liver Eating" Johnston. He won the election by three votes in 1876. John Ford was probably one of the best directors out there. Jim McIntyre, who also worked for Logan, elaborated that the Civil War veteran hired Courtright and him for $10 a day to survey New Mexico's Western Slope. Western historians still rank him as one of the fastest and most accurate guns of the West, as reported by Robert K. DeArment in "Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend." Original Copyright Logan purchased the land with thebacking of an "Eastern syndicate." The crew Jim Courtright and Jim McIntyre rode with became overzealous in flushing out rustlers and squatters, and soon, five men faced murder charges for the cold-blooded executions of two homesteaders,Alexis Grossetete and Robert Elsinger(via Robert K. DeArment's "Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend"). Tom Doniphon: Pompey, go find Doc Willoughby. But historians have faced a dearth of historical evidence to support this claim. His willingness to use whatever force necessary to bring Hell's Half Acre under control earned him both the fear and respect of the local citizenry. The westerns - The Searchers, She Wore A Yellow Ribbon, Wagon Master are unsurpassed but also the non-westerns like The Quiet Man and How PRINT THE LEGEND: The Life and Times of John Ford. As for "1883," it boasts an incredible cast, including Faith Hill, Tim McGraw, and Sam Elliott (via Taste of Country). To quote from John Ford's "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance," "When the legend becomes fact, print the legend." As he described it, "I found I was better at increasing my family than my fortune." A smart girl like you? Gathered in front of it? When Novocain was invented in 1905, it replaced, believe it of not, cocaine. ConcessionAlthough Mr Darcy disliked Mrs Bennet, he married Elizabeth.d. Why doesn't he come out? But he worried about the infamous cattle rustler conflicts for which New Mexico was gaining a national reputation. And if it varied from reality, what did it matter? Newspaper accounts revealed the truth about Wild Bill. If he's sober, bring him back. "In some instances, authors, one is sure, based their statements about oral traditions upon published claims rather than upon personal experiences. In later years, when asked how many Indians he'd killed, he replied, according to "Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer" by John Mack Faragher, "I am very sorry to say that I ever killed any, for they have always been kinder to me than the whites. Jim Courtright). This article isnt about the movie The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, nor the short story by the same name by Dorothy M. Johnson. Eventually, Texas Rangers showed up to arrest him, but more than 2,000 Fort Worth citizens armed to the teeth came to Courtright's aid. Marshal, although he did serve briefly as a deputy marshal during the KATY Railroad Strike of 1885. And like another such film, last years 300, The Dark Knight is making a fortune depicting the values and necessities that the Bush administration cannot seem to articulate for beans. Nevertheless, Courtright seems to have promoted a reputation as an Indian scout alongside Hickok, per Texas Escapes. Or, as screenwriters James Warner Bellah and Willis Goldbeck wrote in their screenplay for The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, When the legend becomes fact, print the legend. Which brings us back to theatres limitations as history. WebWhen the legend becomes fact, print the legend. (2020, August 26). There are thousands of places in Southern California more low key for such a meeting. When Liberty takes his time torturing Ransom with a series of flesh wounds, Ransom surprisingly gets off a left-handed shot, mortally wounding Liberty Valance. Under territorial law you do have jurisdiction. Jason Tully: Nothing's too good for the man who shot Liberty Valance. Why is it then that left-wingers feel free to make their films direct and realistic, whereas Hollywood conservatives have to put on a mask in order to speak what they know to be the truth? . "The Revenant," based on the harrowing novel by Michael Punke, is actually the second film about Hugh Glass and the bear attack. Link Appleyard: The jail's only got one cell, the lock's broke and I sleep in it. ReasonBecause Marianne loved Willoughby, she refused to believe that he had deserted her.b. He was truly one of nature's gentle men. But it got caught on his watch chain, providing an extra second for Short to act. Copyright 2023 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Ransom Stoddard: Why Liberty Valance; who else? Although Courtright enjoyed a mixed reputation as a lawman who operated on both sides of right and wrong, he did earn a reputation for bringing peace to Fort Worth. But Courtright wanted a cut of the revenues from "the largest and most magnificent establishment in the state," perJack De Mattos' and Chuck Parsons' "The Notorious Luke Short: Sporting Man of the Wild West." But by 1876, they moved into town. As the legendary Fort Worth lawman struggled to breathe, he exclaimed, "Ful, they've got me." Probably because the National Enquirer reporter threatened to introduce two entities to each other which when brought into contact would produce mutual annihilation. The Extraordinary Life of an Ordinary Man. In the context of the film, its a broader statement that the legend of the American West is stronger than its actual factual history. American id However, many historians agree that Courtright spearheaded the group. Behind the camera? Nonetheless, it focused public attention on cleaning up Fort Worth's infamous neighborhoods. There were two Edwardses. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend) and virtually rides off in its own, counter-mythic direction with it. Elvis Presley coined this phrase during his fat Elvis days. As people of his generation know, Elvis was wildly popular, even god-like to millions o When you are creating legend, fact becomes a secondary matter.Now, in this definitive look at the life and career of one of America's true cinematic giants, noted Fact and fiction have intermingled in a fairly alarming way. Behind the camera? On February 8, 1887, at 8 pm, Jim Courtright again confronted Luke Short, attempting to strong-arm him into his "protection services," per Texas Escapes. In the movie, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, a. But that story stems more from a fanciful novel than from Johnston himself, who always swore it wasn't true (despite appearing in vaudeville shows recreating the liver eating). "All human beings should try to learn After all, he previously owned the Long Branch in Dodge City and rubbed elbows with Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp (via the Legends of America). The ad listed no address or owners' names. Batman is vilified and despised for confronting terrorists in the only terms they understand. The irony here is that the story of Hugh Glass is actually fairly clear in the historical record. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-adverbial-clause-1689190 (accessed March 4, 2023). Man Who Shot Liberty Valence on TCM. Very. Because he didn't live to give interviews or write a book, there's no story that got wildly embroidered in the telling. High Pockets: Well, Mr. "Born on a mountaintop in Tennessee/Greenest state in the land of the free/Raised in the woods so's he knew every tree/Killed him a bear when he was only three.". Until February of 1867 she was stationed at Jefferson Barracks in Missouri, training and taking part in camp life. The next episode of Jim Courtright's life follows fast on the heels of his Civil War service and remains equally undocumented, perRobert K. DeArment in "Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend." ", Boone certainly dispatched Native Americans during his lifetime, but on balance he was not unsympathetic to their plight. The listing of verdicts, settlements, and other case results is not a guarantee or prediction of the outcome of any other claims. Policing Fort Worth, Texas, required a fast draw and fearless character, according to "Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend" by Robert K. DeArment.He had talent in both areas, killing without hesitation. This article is more than 10 years old. WebWhen legend becomes fact, print the legend, the saying goes. WebWhen the legend becomes fact, print the legend This quote is from a movie but Im inside as the professor didnt say which. The Indian attack seen in the film actually happened it left 13 to 15 of the company's men dead but Indian princesses weren't involved. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-is-adverbial-clause-1689190. But Marshal Courtright's ruthlessly imposed order in Hell's Half Acre between 1876 and 1879 came at a price for local business owners, as reported by Newsweek. "When the legend becomes fact, print the legend." Jim Courtright soon returned to his protection racket, navigating a fine line between law enforcement and outlawry (via theLegacy of the West). She didn't ride with the Pony Express, nor with Custer, didn't rescue anybody, and the story about her personally avenging the murder of Wild Bill Hickok is romantic nonsense. Like Liam Neeson dealing with human traffickers, Jim Courtright had "a very particular set of skills" when it came to gunslingers and outlaws (via Rotten Tomatoes). a W.. Both could not coexist in the same space of public perception. Ransom Stoddard: Teach you to read? There are numerous reports that Crockett actually survived the fighting at the Alamo, but was then executed. Eventually, Courtright turned himself in, facing justice in New Mexico but insufficient evidence led to his release. I would guess that Edwards, like many cheaters, wanted to be caught. Cathay Williams, who had been an Army cook, dressed herself as a man and enlisted as an African-American buffalo soldier on Nov. 15, 1866, telling the St. Louis recruitment officer that she was from Independence, Missouri.